Dead sea

Background:

   The Dead sea is a large salt lake east of the Judean desert. This is the deepest place in the world, situated on the Great Rift Valley (Syrian-African depression). Many points of interest are located around the lake, with nature reserves and ancient sites such as Masada, Ein Gedi and Qumran.

  It is one of the saltiest water bodies in the world – 34% – which gave it the Hebrew name “salt sea” (Joshua 15:5): “And the east border was the salt sea, even unto the end of Jordan”. The salt levels makes life inside the water impossible, hence the name “dead” sea.

  This overview page presents some of the scenes of the Dead Sea, and also points to the sites featured in BibleWalks.com.

Bethany-Beyond-the-Jordan

Church of St. John the Baptist at Bethany-Beyond-the-Jordan

Sitting 19 kilometers north of the Dead Sea’s northern tip, this archaeological and religious site is one of the most important and meaningful pilgrimage sites for Christian visitors to Jordan.

Most scholars believe that this is the site where Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist. During Pope John Paul II’s Holy Land tour in 2000, the site’s claim was officially sanctified by him.

Rubbing right up against the border with Israel and the Palestinian Territories, archaeological work to uncover the ruins here only began in the mid-1990s after Jordan’s peace deal was signed with Israel, and the area’s landmines could be cleared.

The ruins unearthed here reveal a Byzantine-era pilgrimage complex, with the foundations of churches and baptism ponds, affirming that early Christians believed this to be the Bethany where Jesus was baptized.

The earliest foundations of a church discovered here dates back to the 3rd century, making it one of the oldest in the world.

Right beside the Jordan River (which is little more than a narrow stream these days) is the modern Greek Orthodox Church of St. John the Baptist. A platform on the river bank here is used for pilgrims who want to be baptized in the Jordan.

Beaches at Dead Sea Jordan

The Dead Sea runs along the Western border of Jordan for about 50 km. However, a major part of the Dead Sea shore isn’t used for bathing. In fact, bathing is prohibited in most parts of the Dead Sea shore for safety reasons.

There are multiple reasons for that, one of which is the rocky landscape along the shore.

You’ll find various public and private beaches along the Dead Sea shore. Basically, there are 3 types of Dead Sea beaches:

• Resort-owned beaches
• Private beaches for day use (without accommodation)
• Public beaches

Each of these beaches has some benefits and drawbacks, depending on what you’re looking for. Let me explain to you what to expect at each of them.

Dead Sea Beach (at a resort)

Resort Beaches

In my opinion, the best option are the Dead Sea resorts. These are inevitable if you’re looking for accommodation at the Dead Sea, but also the most comfortable option if you’re heading off the same day. You can purchase a day-pass at one of the resorts (e.g. Movenpick or HolidayInn, price approx. JOD 35).

A day-pass gives you access to the resort’s private beach which is generally cleaner and safer. You’ll enjoy all the comfort and safety, such as Dead Sea mud, fresh showers and a lifeguard.

In addition to the floating experience, a day-pass will give you time to relax in one of the resort’s pools and enjoy a view of the sea.

Private Beaches

A cheaper alternative to the resorts are the private beaches. Those are closed areas which incorporate private beaches, but no accommodation. The best one here is Amman Beach. This beach is relatively clean and equipped with showers, sun umbrellas and lockers.

Entrance is JOD 15 plus an additional JOD 3 for the mud and JOD 1 for the locker. Keep in mind that public beaches like Amman Beach are popular among locals and can get crowded, especially on weekends (Friday and Saturday).

Free Beaches

Free beach at the Dead Sea? There are actually a few free beaches at the Dead Sea. However, I would not really recommend them to you.

First of all, they are not as well maintained as the private beaches. This basically means that there is no soft sand or paths to walk on, but rocks and remains of salt crusts. Secondly, there are no showers at public beaches. However, having access to fresh water is really important. You should absolutely take a shower after your bath and have plenty of freshwater in case you get salt water into your eyes. Last but not least, the public beaches are well frequented by locals. If you’re familiar with Arabic culture, you might know that bathing suits are rather uncommon among women. While you’ll be fine at the resorts and private beaches, expect some staring at the public beaches.

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How Was the Dead Sea Formed?

The Dead Sea’s name comes from the waterbody’s extreme saltiness, which makes it inhospitable for most life. The Dead Sea contains about 340 grams of salt in every liter of water, making it nearly 10 times saltier than seawater. The extreme saltiness of the water makes it denser than our bodies, allowing people to easily float in the Dead Sea. The Dead Sea is also the lowest point on Earth. At its surface, the Dead Sea is about 1,400 feet (430 meters) below sea level. At its deepest point, the Dead Sea is nearly 1,000 feet (300 meters) deep, or about 2,400 feet (730 meters) below sea level. The Dead Sea has become both lower and saltier in recent decades.

The Dead Sea Rift

Salt forms where the Dead Sea’s shoreline used to extend.

Photostock — Israel / Getty Images

The Dead Sea is located between two tectonic plates: the African Plate and the Arabian Plate. Between these plates are a series of faults collectively known as the Dead Sea Transform or the Dead Sea Rift. The Dead Sea Rift is made up of a series of strike-slip faults, or locations where the two plates are separating. Both the Arabian Plate and the African Plate are moving in a north-northeast direction, but the Arabian Plate is moving faster, causing separation. The Dead Sea’s basin formed along the Dead Sea Rift from the movement of overlapping strike-slip faults which caused the basin to sink down.

This active fault line forms diapirs, a type of geologic intrusion that breaks through brittle surface rocks. In the Dead Sea, two diapirs of salt have formed: the Lisan Diapir and the Sedom Diapir. These salt intrusions are the main cause of the Dead Sea’s extreme saltiness.

A second source of the Dead Sea’s saltiness is water flow—or lack thereof. The Dead Sea’s primary water supply is the Jordan River. The Dead Sea only receives about 2 inches of rainfall every year. Being so low, there’s no water flow out of the Dead Sea. Instead, the Dead Sea’s water evaporates, leaving behind the salt to accumulate. Today, much of the Jordan River’s freshwater is diverted off-route for agriculture, among other uses. As a result, the Dead Sea’s water level is falling by about 3 feet every year.

Lake Lisan

The southern portion of the Dead Sea is cut off by the Lisan Peninsula. The ares is now used for commercial salt production.

futurewalk / Getty Images

Before the Dead Sea came its precursor, Lake Lisan. Lake Lisan existed for about 55,000 years during the late Pleistocene. Estimates suggest Lake Lisan was up to 750 square miles, making it more than three times the size of the Dead Sea. Sediments left behind by Lake Lisan are found throughout the Jordan Valley today, including the shores of the Dead Sea. Together, these sediments are known as the Lisan Formation.

Lake Lisan also left behind what’s now known as the Lisan Peninsula—a large salty uplift that created an incomplete divide in the Dead Sea. Due to drops in the Dead Sea’s water level, the Lisan Peninsula now blocks the southern portion of the Dead Sea completely. This southern basin is now made of artificial evaporation ponds for commercial salt production.

Wadi Mujib

Wadi Mujib

Feted as the lowest national park in the world and officially known as Wadi Mujib Biosphere Reserve, Wadi Mujib is a towering canyon area that slices through Jordan’s desert mountains, opening out at the Dead Sea.

The main activity area of Wadi Mujib is the Dead Sea area where the towering, rose-toned gorge walls are at their narrowest.

From the entrance here, adventurous travelers can take part in a number of wet-hikes that explore the canyon.

Activities here mostly take place during the summer months when the water is at its lowest (the Wadi is closed to visitors during certain seasons and after heavy rainfall due to dangerous conditions).

When open, hikes here always involve getting soaking wet as you swim-scramble through the inner canyon and, at the end of the main trail, dive over a small waterfall into a pool below. They’re great fun for hardy, adrenaline-seekers but not suitable for anyone not confident in water.

Sink Holes:

   The Dead Sea water level is retreating in recent years. One of the natural phenomenon is the recent appearance of sinkholes, as seen in the photo below taken along the shore of the Dead sea.

The sinkholes are caused by the formation of underground cavities as a result of the receding salt water, combined with penetration of freshwater which dissolves the salt layers. The deadly sinkholes appear in the area around the lake, creating hazards and swallowing areas and damaging the roads.

Sinkholes are seen near the gas station of Ein Gedi. As seen in this photo, structures and trees sank down and the surface became uneven.

Kerak Castle

Kerak Castle

Although Kerak Castle technically isn’t in the Dead Sea Region (it sits along the King’s Highway, high above the Dead Sea), it is easily included in a Dead Sea loop itinerary, as it’s only 52 kilometers southeast of Wadi Mujib.

Kerak is Jordan’s most famous crusader-built castle, with dramatically well-preserved fortifications and a warren of barren-vaulted halls and chambers, and dungeon cells to explore.

It was built in the 12th century as part of the crusaders’ line of defense, and retains an astounding amount of its original character, though various additions were made to the castle during the Mamluk era.

Featured sites:

A gallery of sites of the Dead Sea area is presented in the Dead Sea Gallery of sites, and include the following sites:

• Dead Sea works – the potash plant on the south-west side
• Sodom caves – Mt Sodom natural salt caves
• Zohar brook – brook, Israelite, Hasmonean and Roman fortresses
• Bokek – brook, Hasmonean farm house, Roman fortress
• Nahal David – nature reserve near Ein Gedi
• Nahal Hever – nature reserve, hiding caves from the period of Bar-Kochba revolt
• Nahal Arugot – nature reserve near Ein Gedi
• Qumran –  Ruins of a famous Roman period settlement
• Ein Gedi –  An oasis , with ruins of a prosperous town
• Masada – the last and most important fortress of the great Jewish rebellion

Изменения в игре после установки мода The Dead Sea

Новые возможности

После установки мода The Dead Sea игра получила новые возможности и функции. Теперь вы можете исследовать заброшенные лагеря и ангары, где вы найдете множество полезных предметов и оружия.

Также появились новые задания и миссии, которые добавляют новые цели и задачи для вашего персонажа. У вас будет множество возможностей для получения опыта и ресурсов, которые не были доступны ранее.

Улучшенные графические эффекты

Мод The Dead Sea также улучшает графические эффекты игры, делая ее еще более реалистической и привлекательной. Отражения в воде, освещение, детализация окружающей среды и многое другое были улучшены для более полного погружения в игровой мир.

Новые мутанты и сильнейшие боссы

Мод The Dead Sea добавляет в игру новых мутантов и боссов, которые станут новыми вызовами для вашего персонажа. Вы должны быть готовы к непредсказуемым атакам и уметь адаптироваться к новым уровням сложности.

Новые мутанты и боссы имеют уникальные способности и поведение, и вы должны изучить их, чтобы победить их и заработать дополнительные награды. Игра становится более увлекательной и интересной с этими новыми вызовами.

Lot’s Cave Monastery

Lot’s Cave Monastery

Sitting just off the Dead Sea Highway, 48 kilometers south from Wadi Mujib, is the small archaeological site known as Lot’s Cave.

This is where some biblical scholars believe Lot and his daughters lived after God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah.

A stepped walkway winds up the hill to the site, with good views of the surrounding countryside along the way.

Before (or after) you climb up to the site, pop in to the Lowest Point on Earth Museum, where artifacts, including mosaic fragments and ceramics, unearthed from the site and from other nearby archaeological sites such as Bab Ad-Dhraa are on display.

Once up the hill at the site itself, the main ruins here, built in front of the cave, are of a much younger Byzantine-era church-monastery complex. According to the inscriptions found here, the church was dedicated to Lot, showing that in the Byzantine era, people believed that this cave was the place where Lot and his family stayed.

Does Anything Live in the Dead Sea?

The Dead Sea’s extreme saltiness, high levels of magnesium, and acidic conditions make the inland lake inhospitable for most life—but not all. While the Dead Sea surely does not house any fish, crabs, or other animals often associated with saltwater, bacteria, archaea, and single-celled algae have all found a way to survive the Dead Sea’s extreme environment.

After abnormally rainy seasons, blooms of these microbes can occur. The type of algae that lives within the Dead Sea is thought to remain in a dormant form until unusually large rainfalls lower the concentration of salt in the Dead Sea’s surface waters, allowing the algae to bloom. These blooms are composed of a less-diverse assemblage of microbes than the Dead Sea’s standard. The microbes that live within the Dead Sea are likely unique to the Dead Sea—and it’s unlikely that the same microbes thrive anywhere else on Earth.

History:

    The Dead Sea is part of the Great Rift Valley (Syrian-African depression), which runs from northern Syria to the South East Africa (6,000 KM long). It started to evolve 25 Million years ago, due to tectonic pressures of plates. At that time the depression, in this section, was covered by Ocean water.

   Due to the heat and dryness of the area, the water evaporated, and salt accumulated at the bottom of the lake. About 2 million years ago the depression at the area of the Dead Sea was cut off from the Ocean, and a great lake was formed. The accumulation of salt formed a large body of accumulated salt on the bottom of the lake.

Biblical history

 The Dead Sea is first referred in the war of the four kings against the five kings of the Dead Sea area (Genesis 14 :3):

  The five kings lost the battle, falling into slime (mud) pits (Genesis 14 10):

   The Bible tells about the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, the cities located on the south-east side of the Dead Sea  (Genesis 19 :28): “And he looked toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the plain, and beheld, and, lo, the smoke of the country went up as the smoke of a furnace”.

AI Illustration by Craiyon– Sodom and Gomorrah are destroyed by fire

    Lot, his wife and two daughters escaped just before the wicked city was destroyed, and fled to the outskirts of the nearby city of Zoar.  Zoar is also mentioned in the Bible in connection to the departing of Abraham and Lot (Genesis 13:10):

    Zoar and the lost cities of Sodom and Gomorrah are presumed to be located in the plain on the south side of the Dead Sea. The cities and roads  during these periods are indicated on the Biblical Map below.

Map of the area around the south Dead Sea – during the Biblical through Roman periods  (based on Bible Mapper 3.0)

Israelite Kingdom

  The area of Ein Gedi, on the west of the center of the Dead Sea, is where David hid from the pursuing King Saul (1 Samuel 23 29: “And David went up from thence, and dwelt in strong holds at Engedi“).

  During the Israelite Kingdom (9th/8th century BC), there were several roads that crossed the Judean desert down to the Dead Sea, with fortresses guarding these routes and the eastern flank of the Kingdom.   Ruins of one of the fortresses were located on the cliffs above , which may have protected the “Edom” way (2 Kings 3 : 5-8): “the way through the wilderness of Edom”.

  The village of Ein Gedi was established in the 7th century BC, during the Judean Kingdom. A seal was found bearing the name “Uriyahu son of Azaryahu”, perhaps belonging to an official Judean clerk around the 6-7th century BC.

Hasmonean period

  The ancient town of  Ein Gedi and the delta of Bokek were prosperous in the Hellenistic and Roman period. Their wealth was based on dates, vegetation, and the precious  balsam (persimmon, Hebrew: “afarsemmon”) which was used to manufacture perfume (Hebrew: bosem).  The  Balsam was cultivated and processed in the delta of  the Bokek brook.

Early Roman period

   The Hasmoneans first fortified Masada on a high cliff above the Dead Sea, and was one of their desert fortresses which stored their treasures and supplies, as well as protected their eastern front. Later, King Herod built a winter palace and fortress. During the Great Revolt against the Romans, the fortress became the last stronghold to fall (70 AD).

Roman/Byzantine periods

    The Dead Sea was positioned on the eastern frontier of the Roman empire – the Limes Arabicus. This border line extended 1,500km from Northern Syria to the Red Sea, and its defense was based on forts, watchtowers and connecting roads. These protected the empire from attacks of the barbarian tribes of the Arabian desert. At the end of the 3rd century the Limes was restructured by Diocletian, renamed to Limes Palaestinae. The fort was constructed several years later in order to enforce the border line. Along the western side of the Dead Sea are several fortresses, such as in Bokek and Zohar brooks.

Ein Kedem, North of EinGedi:

Ein Kedem is situated along the shore, 5KM north of Ein Gedi. Along this section of the shore, and in other locations between Ein Gedi and Mitzpeh Shalem, are a series of hot springs.

  The temperature of these sulfuric springs are 42 degrees Celsius.  One of these warm springs can be seen on the bottom left side.

A panoramic view, as seen from Highway #90 several kilometers north of Ein Gedi,  is shown in the following picture. If you press on it, a panoramic viewer will pop up. Using this flash-based panoramic viewer,  you can move around and zoom in and out, and view the site in full screen mode.

  To open the viewer, simply click on the photo below. It will open a new window after a minute or so. 

Как скачать и установить мод The Dead Sea?

Мод The Dead Sea для игры Minecraft добавляет в игру большое количество новых блоков, предметов, врагов и других изменений. Это позволяет игрокам ощутить новые эмоции и познакомиться с новыми игровыми возможностями.

После того, как файл мода успешно загружен на ваш компьютер, следующим шагом будет его установка. Для этого откройте папку Minecraft, затем выберите папку mods. Скопируйте скачанный файл мода в эту папку, затем перезапустите игру.

Если всё сделано правильно, то после перезапуска вы сможете встретить в игре новые блоки и предметы, а также врагов. Будьте внимательны, если у вас есть другие моды, то они могут быть несовместимы с The Dead Sea, поэтому рекомендуется сделать резервную копию своей игры перед установкой.

Mukawir

View over the Dead Sea from Mukawir

The remains of Mukawir (Machaerus) lie scattered atop a 700-meter-high summit overlooking the Dead Sea.

Known mostly as the location where Salome danced for Herod Antipas, and where he then had St. John the Baptist beheaded, Mukawir was once a fortified castle built by Herod the Great.

The ruins are actually quite sparse, and mostly foundations only. Most people come here for the astonishing views across the rippling hills, down to the Dead Sea, from the site.

The easiest ruins to decipher while here are the defensive walls and the outline of a bathhouse, while the platform area on-site with re-raised columns is said to be the spot of Salome’s dance.

Рекомендации по использованию мода The Dead Sea

Мод The Dead Sea добавляет в игру страшный мир, где игрок должен сражаться с живыми мертвецами и выживать в постапокалиптическом мире. Для использования мода следует установить его на компьютер и активировать в игре. Но прежде чем начать игру, нужно ознакомиться с рекомендациями по использованию мода.

1. Использование MOD-менеджера

Для установки и активации мода The Dead Sea рекомендуется использовать специальный MOD-менеджер. Это позволит избежать конфликтов с другими модами и сделает процесс установки и удаления мода более удобным и безопасным.

2. Настройки мода

Для удаления лишних деталей и улучшения производительности игры, рекомендуется настроить мод The Dead Sea. Для этого следует включить и настроить опцию «Быстрый запуск» и отключить неиспользуемые элементы мода.

3. Безопасность в игре

В игре с модом The Dead Sea игрок сталкивается с опасностью встретить врагов и остаться без жизни. Рекомендуется сохранять игру часто, чтобы в случае неудачи можно было вернуться на предыдущий уровень. Также следует быть внимательнее при исследовании новых мест и использовать оружие с умом.

4. Мультимедийное оборудование

Для полного погружения в постапокалиптический мир рекомендуется использовать мультимедийное оборудование, такое как наушники и звуковая система. Это поможет создать более реалистичную атмосферу и позволит погрузиться в игру на полную катушку.

5. Обновления и поддержка

Для максимального удобства и стабильности в игре с модом The Dead Sea следует следить за обновлениями и поддержкой. Это позволит избежать ошибок и неожиданных сбоев в работе игры и установленного мода.

Следуя этим рекомендациям, игрок сможет насладиться игрой с модом The Dead Sea и получить максимальное удовольствие от игрового процесса.

Feynan Nature Reserve

Sunset at the Feynan Nature Reserve

The Dead Sea Highway, once you’ve passed the southern end of the Dead Sea, is bordered by the desolate desert landscapes of the Wadi Arabah.

Heading this way, about 60 kilometers south from Lot’s Cave, you reach the turnoff into Feynan, which can only be accessed by 4WD.

This desert area encompasses the lower elevation of Wadi Dana Biosphere Reserve, which at its top height sits at around 1,700 meters, with Dana Village accessed from the King’s Highway, and here, amid the desert, sits below sea level.

Feynan Eco-lodge here arranges a number of activities within the desert area, including hikes to copper mines used in the Iron Age and Roman era, and canyoning. It’s also the only place to stay in the area. A night at Feynan is an experience in itself, as the eco-lodge doesn’t use electricity.

Things to Do at the Dead Sea

Being one of the highlights in Jordan, there are multiple reasons why you should visit this unique place.

• Floating experience (lying back on the water surface)
• Curing skin diseases

Relaxation / wellness

Salt formations

By the way, even if you’re not planning on having a wellness vacation or spending much time at the beach, a stop at the Dead Sea is worthwhile. More on this later.

Let’s have a closer look at the things to do at the Dead Sea in Jordan.

Floating Experience

Floating on the water surface is one of the main reasons why Jordan travelers stop at the Dead Sea. While floating on regular seawater is mostly impossible, it is possible in the Dead Sea!

People who have never had this experience wonder how floating works. You will see that it is pretty easy. While the first few meters are still possible to walk, you will feel a natural pressure that pushes your body up to the surface. Lay down on your back and relax while you enjoy this unique experience. You can even read a newspaper or simply put your arms or legs up while you float on your back, you won’t drown in the Dead Sea.

Due to its hypersalinity, it’s advised that you limit your bathing time to 10-15 minutes. Take a shower after your bath to wash off the salty water and any remains of Dead Sea mud.

If you’d like to know more on the floating experience, check out my full article on Dead Sea floating. I’ve compiled a handy list of things to take into consideration.

Dead Sea floating is a unique experience

Dead Sea Mud Mask

In addition to your floating experience, make sure to complete your experience with a mud mask.

Dead Sea mud masks are proven to have a healing effect for people suffering from skin diseases such as acne, neurodermatitis or psoriasis. However, even if you’re not suffering from any skin disease, you won’t want to miss out on a mud mask. Dead Sea mud is rich in salt and minerals and has a cleaning effect on your skin. It removes impurities and dead skin cells, making the skin smoother and fresher.

The mud is a natural product extracted from the sea. Make sure to apply it generously to all of your body and your face. As with any face mask, leave out the area around your eyes. Don’t apply it on your lips either.

Most people opt to get in the water first (to get the floating experience), and then apply a mud mask. You can do it either way. If you can’t wait to get floating, you can go for a quick bath first, and then for the mud mask. It’s important to let the mud dry for a bit instead of washing it off instantly.

Once you’ve completed your floating and mud mask experience, make sure to have a good shower.

Dead Sea Mud Mask

Wellness and Relaxation

Wellness is another reason to visit the Dead Sea. There are various luxury resorts along the Dead Sea shore of Jordan. In addition to a beach with access to the Dead Sea waters, these resorts offer gorgeous swimming pools as well as massages and other treatments.

Whether you’re looking for a wellness getaway at the Dead Sea or just planning a stopover, a day at one of the resorts offers a wonderful moment of relaxation on an adventurous vacation. Who doesn’t enjoy getting in a pool or having a foot massage after full days of sightseeing and exploring?

Relaxing at the Movenpick Dead Sea Resort

Salt Formations

One of the things that you won’t find anywhere near the resorts or private beaches are the stunning salt formations. While the resorts are located on the northern part of the Dead Sea, the salt formations are located further south.